Quercus phellos
Description: The Willow Oak is a large forest or shade tree that can reach heights of up to 100 feet. This species is known for its distinctive lower branches, which often droop toward the ground, giving the tree an elegant appearance. As a shade-tolerant species, it can thrive in a variety of light conditions. The Willow Oak is deciduous, shedding its leaves annually.
Twig/Bark: The bark is initially gray and smooth, gradually darkening to a deep gray or black as the tree matures. With age, the bark becomes deeply furrowed and develops rough ridges, adding to the tree’s rugged character.
Leaf: The leaves are long and slender, characterized by an unlobed shape with a single bristle at the apex. The upper surface of the leaves is a rich dark green, while the fall foliage displays a vibrant spectrum of colors, ranging from yellow to orange to red, providing a striking contrast in the landscape.
Flower/Fruit: The acorns are relatively small, measuring between 8 and 12 mm in length. They are encased in a shallow cup that encloses approximately one-quarter to one-third of the nut. These acorns serve as an important food source for various wildlife species.
Habitat: Willow Oaks are commonly found in hardwood flatwoods, bottomland forests, and riparian forests. They are rarely encountered in upland forests, highlighting their preference for moist, fertile environments that support their growth and development.